Researchers found that a highly transparent anti-reflection coating can significantly enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar modules underwater.

Thus, a remarkable efficiency of 14.65% was achieved even at a water depth of 50 cm. And, the concentration of Pb2+ for HFDA-encapsulated film is significantly reduced from 186 to 16.5 ppb after being immersed in water for 347 h. Interestingly, the encapsulated PSMs still remained above 80% of their initial efficiency after continuous underwater illumination for 400 h. Furthermore, being exposed to air, the encapsulated PSMs maintained 94% of their original efficiency after 1000 h light illumination. This highly transparent ARC shows great potentials in enhancing the stability of perovskite devices, applicable not only to underwater cells but also extendable to land-based photovoltaic devices.

Nano Research, Volume 17, pages 8126–8133, (2024)